Sciatica is a condition when the sciatic nerve, the longest and largest in the body, is pinched. Here are some common causes:
- Herniated Disc: The most common cause of sciatica is a herniated disc in the lower back. A herniated disc occurs when the soft cushion between the vertebrae slips out and puts pressure on the surrounding nerves, causing pain and discomfort.
- Spinal Stenosis: This condition is characterised by the narrowing of the spinal canal, which can put pressure on the sciatic nerve and cause pain. Spinal stenosis is often seen in older adults.
- Degenerative Disc Disease: As we age, our spinal discs can start to degenerate and lose their cushioning ability. This can lead to bulging or herniated discs, which can irritate the sciatic nerve.
- Spondylolisthesis: This is a condition where one vertebra slips forward over another, causing the spine to become unstable. This can put pressure on the sciatic nerve and lead to pain.
- Piriformis Syndrome: The piriformis muscle is located in the buttocks and runs over the sciatic nerve. In some cases, this muscle can become tight or inflamed, putting pressure on the nerve and causing sciatica symptoms.
- Excess Weight: Carrying excess weight can put added stress and strain on the spine, leading to conditions like herniated discs or spinal stenosis which can cause sciatica.



